The Disclosure Of Private Search Dat Aol Inc. ( An...

Many researchers are facing the challenges of producing and publishing data with the help of technologies without breaching of the privacy and confidentiality. In this report, a case study of the disclosure of private search data in AOL Inc. (an American web search media) is presented to reveal the consequences of privacy violation and highlight the importance of ethical awareness and privacy protection in research projects. Modern researchers are using technologies to collect, analyse, publish and store data electronically to improve productivity. While the deployment of the software, hardware and networks has proven to be efficient and effective, many ethical dilemmas may have encountered along with the data handling process. Lynch (2000) suggests that information is a powerful source and user accessibility is the key to its prosperity. Given the open access, duplication convenience and fast dissemination features of the online data, it is important to make ethical and legal judgments in what and how information should be collected and utilised in order to protect people’s rights and privacy. Since legal control normally fall behind technical improvements, ethics steps forward to bridge the gap and guide people in making moral decisions when handling sensitive information. Ethics refer to the rules and guidelines for differentiating between right and wrong behavior. Individuals may reach common understandings on some ethical norms but interpret them differentlyShow MoreRelatedMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pagescommercial and social objectives C A S E N I N E From greenï ¬ eld to graduates: University of the Sunshine Coast C A S E T E N Whole Foods Market, 2005: Will there be enough organic food to satisfy the C A S E E L E V E N growing demand? Wal-Mart Stores Inc.: Dominating global retailing C A S E T W E L V E 14_Hanson_3ed_SB_3869_TXT.indd 441 8/29/07 1:09:33 PM 442 INTRODUCTION A SUMMARY OF THE CASE ANALYSIS PROCESS Case analysis is an essential part of a strategic management course

Personal Statement My Leadership - 1098 Words

In terms of my leadership, I think I grew much more confident and strict as a leader. When I started, I remember thinking that all my residents would be wonderful and would listen to their RA, because I always did so everyone else would too. That was clearly not the case, especially when it came to quiet hours. Confrontations are frightening to me because I have had bad experiences in the past. But as an RA, it is part of what I need to do. Once residents started complaining about one another, I realized warnings were not sufficient. So I started documenting residents who were loud during quiet hours. I also grew as a confident leader through my trivia week. I remember feeling really nervous to knock on everyone s door to do trivia. I am†¦show more content†¦We as a society need to teach everyone what microaggressions are and how they are impacting people. And this can be done as an RA through bulletin boards or active programs. Through the discussion of microaggressions, I have developed a more sensitive ear around campus and especially in my residence hall. Now that I know the impact of phrases such as ‘that is so gay’ I no longer can simply sit there and say nothing. I feel the need to react to the speaker and call them out. As a mid year RA hire, what would have helped me in the RA class would have been a class that tailored to our needs as a mid year hire. For example, we talked about the theory of involvement and the first six weeks as if that was going on in our communities. None of my residents were new students that semester and therefore the first six weeks of college did not apply to them. And while the involvement aspect is more relevant because people can always join another club, most of my residents stuck with what they were already doing. Instead, I wish we talked more about how to assimilate with a staff that had already bonded. I knew most of the staff when I joined which helped, but it would have been nice to form closer bonds that they all had with each other. Also, I really wish the Spring class went over how to motivate residents to stay involved on the floor as the semester went along. When I did my first couple of programs in January and February, I had a huge turnout each time. Yet inShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement : My Personal Leadership Philosophy1439 Words   |  6 Pages A supervisor once sat with me as we went over my annual performance evaluation and he said to me â€Å"not only do you have the qualities of a leader, but you also have charisma, Donna, and I don’t see that in people too often†. Honestly, at the time, I didn’t even know what that meant. Not only did I not know what charisma meant but I had no idea what that statement meant or should mean to me. Those words stuck with me though and I often wondered what he really meant and sometimes still do. Read MorePersonal Statement : My Leadership1898 Words   |  8 PagesMY LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT There are many people in different types of leadership positions, religious, political, pedagogical and in the labor industry, among others. The motivations driving all these individuals to those positions vary from one person to the next. For example, some leaders want to spread and motivate others to follow their same beliefs, as in the case of religious and political leaders. There some people, however, that are primarily motivated by their desire of the power and benefitsRead MorePersonal Statement : My Personal Leadership Plan1189 Words   |  5 Pagesthe semester, I always looked at my classes’ syllabus to see what the final is. That, after all, is my final goal and what I am working towards to prepare for by the very end. So when I read the â€Å"Personal Leadership plan† I was intrigued by it and couldn’t wait until we got to it. And now we’re finally at the end, and I finally get to read and share what it’s all about. I think that God is the first clear-cut person who has helped influence the development of my character. Without him, I wouldn’tRead MorePersonal Statement : My Leadership Strengths1344 Words   |  6 Pages My leadership strengths are that I am persistence, I am creative, and I am expert in accounting. Being persistence means I never give up, not even when things get tough. Being persistence is a good leadership strength because a leader cannot be weak. They cannot give up on their dreams, just because they did not succeed the first time they tried or because achieving their goals are hard. I currently work at NAF Financial Services. We do accounting for the non-appropriated funds of the militaryRead MorePersonal Statement : My Leadership Philosophy923 Words   |  4 Pages1. My definition of leadership is having someone that is willing to put personal desires aside in order to help a team reach a common goal. No matter how hard and frustrating goals, projects and missions will become, a true leader will do everything in their power to help lift up, challenge and motivate a group to reach the final end product. Leaders that have had great influence on me have included, General George Washington, Sir Edmund Hillary, Sir Ernest Shackleton, Captain Richard Winters (EasyRead MoreMy Personal Statement For The Leadership Positions Essay1468 Words   |  6 PagesAs I work to make myself available to my followers. Creating a strong relationship with those around me is one of my top goals because once you develop a relationship, it becomes easier to work together on a project. I reach out to those around me almost daily, and I will continue to reach out to those who will follow me in the future. I want my followers to know that I am here for them. In the leadership positions, I am in now, I make sure that I post opportunities to gather together: from anRead MorePersonal Statement : My Leadership Qualities Essay928 Words   |  4 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to focus on my leadership qualities. I will discuss my key values and beliefs, along with my strongest attribute and one of my weaknesses or an area that needs improvement. Next, I will discuss two ma nagers or leaders, one that I really liked and one that I greatly disliked. Finally, I will discuss how I would like my direct reports to perceive me as a manger and leader. Key Values and Beliefs Upon reflection, I believe that my primary key value is integrity. I valueRead MoreMy Personal Mission Of Leadership And Ethics Statement Essay976 Words   |  4 PagesMy Personal Mission of Leadership and Ethics Statement Life s a journey of learning experiences. In my journey through life I intend to have thriving carrier serving my country in the Canadian Armed Forces while balancing a healthy life at home. I will make it a life long commitment to grow through active participation in the world around me in order to gain knowledge and skills essential to lead. Therefore empowering me to be the change I wish to see in the world with the aptitude to evaluateRead MorePersonal Statement : My Ethical Leadership Plan1751 Words   |  8 Pagesthoughts or feelings about how it went? As an initial reflection about my ethical leadership plan, I must authentically and humbly admit that I was not very successful with it. This plan looked hauntingly similar to a New Year’s resolution that starts strong with passion and quickly fades to oblivion until its reappearance twelve months later. I feel frustrated and discouraged with the lack of consistency. Despite appearing on my post-it note â€Å"to do list†, the official event appeared on the calendarRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Innovation1290 Words   |  6 PagesNursing Innovation and Leadership: A Personal Philosophy To embrace the person that you are, in a time and place where everyone seems to be telling you that you should be everything but the person that you are, is a daunting but worthwhile challenge. I believe that it is in the acceptance of our true selves, imperfections and all, that we gain the ability to view others through a lens colored with compassion and acceptance. It is then that we can become a leader who is self-aware and emotionally

What is Applied Business Research and Its Objectives - Free Sample

Questions: The following are the research objectives of the study: 1. To assess the customer service initiatives offered by wild bean cafe. 2. To examine the potential market opportunities of Wild bean caf in order to gain more market share in domestic market. Answers: Porters five forces theory Porters five forces theory can be used here to analyze the potential market opportunities of Wild Bean caf. There are five vital forces which can determine the possibilities in the business situation of the restaurant. Supplier power It is very easy for any provider to drive up the prices of the things they supply. That is mainly driven by a fair number of suppliers of the uniqueness of the product they supply which is the proof of their strength and the control over the company (Competition, market structure and market power within the hotel-supplier sector in Antalya 2016). In the field of market opportunities, the power of the supplier plays a vital role in the case of Wild Bean caf. Buyer Power Buyers power can mainly be decided by the strength of the buyer that how they are driving the prices down. If the supplier can drive the price up then, a buyer can drive it down with his/her power. Buyer power is a very crucial aspect in the field of market opportunities for Wild Bean caf (Raff and Schmitt 2009). Competitive Rivalry Like any other business Wild Bean caf also has the rivalries in the market. Market opportunities include the threat of competition as other cafes like the Wild Bean may try the same strategies to take over other cafes in the market ("Market study says Russian coatings market boasts solid growth rate, expansion opportunities" 2004). Substitution Threat In this part of the market opportunity, the customer may find a substitute of the things which is provided by Wild Bean caf. For example, suppose Wild Bean caf is providing a combo offer of a cheese sandwich and two cold coffees at $8 where customers find it cheaper while buying it individually from the market. This case of substitution can weaken the power of the caf. New Entry The facts of new entries can be a threat to the existing business of the market. Suppose Wild Bean caf has some economic scales in place, or it has protected its key technologies for financial purposes. Then the new competitors can enter the market easily to weaken the position of Wild Bean caf. The key technologies should be used by Wild Bean caf efficiently. Without the further protection of the key technologies Wild Bean caf should be a bit open minded to use the technologies. PESTEL analysis The customer service initiative can directly or indirectly be indirectly being connected with the PESTEL analysis. If Wild Bean caf wants to provide excellent service to the customer, it has to go through the six-part of this analysis such as political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal. Political In the political part, Wild Bean caf has to go through the rules and regulation of the government in the case of providing services to the customer. It concern about the way which can be followed by the Wild Bean Cafe. By maintaining the strategy, Wild Bean Cafe develop their food quality more and better. Economical Economical part is also a part to be watched as the caf should be aware of the fact whether they are making any profit or not (Yksel 2012). The acceptance of the society is also a matter of concern for the caf. The cafe industry is very high as well as a growing market. There are several important leaders opposite the Wild Bean Cafe. They are competing with other to take more share from the market. That is the main economic factor, and it might be a threat to all industries. Social The social trends mainly introduced to concern about the health issues. Food like, coffee can also be a part of dangerous beverage. That's why people can always go for new and fresh juices. That may be tea or something. That the social analysis which must be concerned about the Wild Bean Cafe for maintaining healthy food products. Technological The technological fact is directly connected with the economic fact. Innovation in the technologies can lead the economic factor to the highest level of success. The Wild Bean Cafe need to develop new equipment and machines to beat the competitors. There were always high as well as increasing the variety of foods. To make some complicated food, the high standard technology was required. Legal The company of Wild Bean caf must be done in a legal way. They have to satisfy the customers with all their efforts but obviously in a legal way. Environmental Factors Wild Bean Cafe need to some innovative measures regarding the environment. The cafe can develop their policies for recycling. Also, it is crucial for reducing waste and buildin g green. References Competition, market structure and market power within the hotel-supplier sector in Antalya. Market study says Russian coatings market boasts solid growth rate, expansion opportunities. (2004).Pigment Resin Technology,33(3). Raff, H. Schmitt, N. (2009).Buyer power in international markets. Munich: CESifo. Yksel, I. (2012). Developing a Multi-Criteria Decision Making Model for PESTEL Analysis.IJBM,7(24).

Solving For Me in Terms of X free essay sample

My palms began sweating as I looked at the homework board. It read like a danger sign posted in the front of a condemned building. â€Å"COLLEGE ESSAYS DUE SEPTEMBER 27.† Panic set in. I have never written anything about myself before. Where do I even start? I had no idea, and time was quickly running out. Like most epiphanies, mine came accidently. While frantically trying to discover what to write the most important essay of my life about, my friend leaned over to me and wrote something on my page to get me to smile. â€Å"LEXIE = ?† Then I understood exactly how to solve my newest problem: the college essay. Mathematics comes more instinctively than writing a five hundred word long essay with which expressing myself is the only limit. No one ever taught me an equation to plug myself into though, or how to solve for who I am with a proof. We will write a custom essay sample on Solving For Me in Terms of X or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I could not be simplified to â€Å"y=mx+b† format. I looked at myself algebraically. What are my factors? My friends know me as the girl who makes light of everything and the one they can complain to at midnight. I howl with my dog when the fire siren blares, and I curl up with her in the bathtub during thunderstorms. I eat Chinese food while reciting every word to the Grinch and the movie Pinocchio has always scared me. I broke two gel electrophoreses, but I laughed and kept trying until I got it right. I slipped in the same mud puddle twice in the course of ten minutes, and I am the one who asks the physics teacher, â€Å"How can we be sure if we cannot test it?† Is the function raised to a power? What compounds these traits? The sarcasm, which frequently drips off of my words when I explain how to send a text message to my mother for the fiftieth time; the way I fly on the trapeze to feel a rush of excitement I cannot get anywhere else; the way I frequently get myself into trouble because I defend my friends when I see someone has hurt them; and the way I dig my heels in and refuse to yield, the thing I like the least about myself. What is my equation, then? Lexie= [(Compassion)^Advocacy (Goofiness)(Determination)(Klutziness)(Humor)^Sarcasm (Curiosity)^Adventure]^Stubbornness ? X Are there limits and conditions in this equation? Yes and no. There are limits to how much this equation can truly explain me. How much can you really understand about me from this? You cannot plug in an input and receive an answer, and there are still so many variables that even I do not know how to solve for. And the conditions are just that, conditions and circumstances. But there are no limits on me. Obviously I will not take flight with my own set of wings any time soon, and I cannot defy gravity yet. There are no limits on who or what I can be though. These are just my raw materials. The variables are infinite and so are my possibilities.

Free Essays on Yeah, Right, Whatever!

Yeah, Right, Whatever! A young teenage girl dressed all in black turned the corner. She had chains hanging down the side of her black, baggy jeans. What’s the first thought that went through your mind? Have you ever seen a nicely dressed young lady surrounded by a group of teenagers who have multiple piercings and green hair? Did you think that it was probably a group of thugs or even worse? Have you sat down and talked with a teenager lately? If so, you may have understood what he or she was talking about, but it’s entirely possible that you did not. With having said all this, what do you think when you see teenagers today? Teenagers are stereotyped for many reasons. Some of the most common reasons are their appearance, their friends, and even the way they talk. Crystal, my 16-year-old daughter, is obsessed with the color black. She always has been. 75% of her clothing is black, she has several bottles of black nail polish, and she even has two black cowboy hats. This in itself is not really a problem for us, but for other’s it seems to be a major problem. For example, when she was in seventh grade at Snyder Junior High the assistant principal had a very low opinion of her. This was mainly due to the fact the she wore black all the time. It got so bad that she finally started accusing Crystal of being gothic and into devil worshipping. If she had really known her, there is no way that she could have ever thought that she was into anything like that. She just assumed this because of the way she dressed. Crystal hasn’t only been stereotyped because of the way she dresses, but also because of whom she chooses as her friends. Several of her friends have body piercings and strange hair colors. Although Crystal has light brown hair and no body piercings, when she is with her friends she is treated as a freak. One day Crystal was in Wal-Mart with two of her friends. They were in the jewelry department looking at... Free Essays on Yeah, Right, Whatever! Free Essays on Yeah, Right, Whatever! Yeah, Right, Whatever! A young teenage girl dressed all in black turned the corner. She had chains hanging down the side of her black, baggy jeans. What’s the first thought that went through your mind? Have you ever seen a nicely dressed young lady surrounded by a group of teenagers who have multiple piercings and green hair? Did you think that it was probably a group of thugs or even worse? Have you sat down and talked with a teenager lately? If so, you may have understood what he or she was talking about, but it’s entirely possible that you did not. With having said all this, what do you think when you see teenagers today? Teenagers are stereotyped for many reasons. Some of the most common reasons are their appearance, their friends, and even the way they talk. Crystal, my 16-year-old daughter, is obsessed with the color black. She always has been. 75% of her clothing is black, she has several bottles of black nail polish, and she even has two black cowboy hats. This in itself is not really a problem for us, but for other’s it seems to be a major problem. For example, when she was in seventh grade at Snyder Junior High the assistant principal had a very low opinion of her. This was mainly due to the fact the she wore black all the time. It got so bad that she finally started accusing Crystal of being gothic and into devil worshipping. If she had really known her, there is no way that she could have ever thought that she was into anything like that. She just assumed this because of the way she dressed. Crystal hasn’t only been stereotyped because of the way she dresses, but also because of whom she chooses as her friends. Several of her friends have body piercings and strange hair colors. Although Crystal has light brown hair and no body piercings, when she is with her friends she is treated as a freak. One day Crystal was in Wal-Mart with two of her friends. They were in the jewelry department looking at...

The Aufbau Principleâ€Definition, Rules and Exceptions

The Aufbau Principle- Definition, Rules and Exceptions The Aufbau principle, simply put, means electrons are added to orbitals as protons are added to an atom. The term comes from the German word aufbau, which means built up or construction. Lower electron orbitals fill before higher orbitals do, building up the electron shell. The end result is that the atom, ion, or molecule forms the most stable electron configuration. The Aufbau principle outlines the rules used to determine how electrons organize into shells and subshells around the atomic nucleus. Electrons go into the subshell having the lowest possible energy.An orbital can hold at most 2 electrons obeying the Pauli exclusion principle.Electrons obey Hunds rule, which states that electrons spread out before they pair up if there are two or more energetically equivalent orbitals (e.g., p, d). Aufbau Principle Exceptions Like most rules, there are exceptions.  Half-filled and completely filled d and f subshells add stability to atoms, so the d and f block elements dont always follow the principle. For example, the predicted Aufbau configuration for Cr is 4s23d4, but the observed configuration is actually 4s13d5. This actually reduces electron-electron repulsion in the atom, since each electron has its own seat in the subshell. Aufbau Rule Definition A related term is the Aufbau Rule, which states that the filling of different electron subshells is by order of increasing energy following the (n 1) rule. The nuclear shell model is a similar model that predicts the configuration of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus.

Micromanaging Coca-Cola Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Micromanaging Coca-Cola Corporation - Essay Example Coca-Cola makes, and promotes nonalcoholic products around the world. It primarily provides glistening but still refreshments. The company’s dazzling drinks consist of nonalcoholic drinking products along with carbonation, for example vigor beverages, and carbonated water and distinctive flavored water. Its products include nonalcoholic drinks with no carbonation, which include noncarbonated water, flavorful water and improved water, noncarbonated vigor products, and juice refreshments, ready made teas and coffees, as well as drinks of sports activities. The Company also provides flavoring compounds, sweeteners, powders with regard to filtered liquid items, refreshment elements, as well as syrups. It sells its nonalcoholic drinks principally within Coca-Cola, Fanta, Sprite, Diet Coke, and some other simple brand names. The organization advertises it’s carried out refreshment items mainly to marketers; as well as drink focuses as well as syrups to bottling as well as can ning staff, vendors, wholesalers, as well as suppliers. At present Coca-Cola areas of operations extended a long way outside of Georgia and also the United States. The firm has grown as amongst the world’s virtually all incomparable companies. The Coca-Cola brand name is probably one of the five best icons on the globe. Presently, Cola contains approximately 400 products of different brands in more than 200 countries. (http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com). In 2010, the company’s total net operating revenue equaled $35. 119 billion while its total assets were $72.721billion (http://www.yahoo.finance.com). Almost 139, 600 employees are working at global level in its different areas of operations (10-K, 2010). Mission and Vision Statements The mission of Coca Cola is perfectly for the refreshment of the community is not merely for our bodies but also for one's heart together with mood together with style additionally. Furthermore, it desires to really encourage confidence together with the help belonging to the behavior together with

Answering the questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Answering the questions - Essay Example c. Cubital tunnel syndrome: Is a syndrome that relates to the effect of pressure exerted on the ulnar nerve in the hand; thus, resulting in various problems such as pain, weakness, swelling, clumsiness, and unresponsiveness of the small and ring fingers. In most cases, the syndrome causes pain in the elbow on the arm’s side near the chest. d. Tendonitis: Refers to the tendon inflammation, swelling and irritation on the inside sheath due to the overextending of arms overhead. Given that the tendons attach the bones to the muscles, a degeneration of the tendons (tendonitis) would result in the symptoms of this condition. This condition is also the most frequently diagnosed cumulative trauma disorder (CTD). e. Pronation: Refers to the roll of the foot inward when a person is either walking or running. As a result of this, it provides for the distribution of the force of impact on the foot and leg muscles, and the roll usually takes place at about 15%; thus, coming into complete contact with the ground. However, pronation is crucial to the absorption of shock in a proper sense as it helps in the pushing off the foot from the front. f. Supination: This is a clear opposite of pronation; thus, refers to a condition in which the foot rolls outwards and places more weight on the outside of the foot. It may be considered as an over-pronation given that the forearm or foot and leg would make a corresponding movement to the outwards and faces upwards (Skeat 153). g. Rotation: This term is used to describe the movement of muscles at the body joint in relation to each other, but towards the center of the body and around the central axis. Rotation commonly occurs at shoulder joints. The occurrences of rotation may be referred to in various terms depending on the location of the body where it happens, and the involved muscles such as teres major, anterior deltoid, pectoralis, subscapularis,

Abolitionism - African American Essay Example for Free

Abolitionism African American Essay With abolition is found the gateway towards freedom. The African American influence in this area was of great authority especially in rural districts such as Lancaster and Chester Counties (Pennsylvania). In these groups sometimes the blacks worked alone and sometimes they partnered with whites. With this movement, African Americans used brute force to gain what they wanted (Bordewich, 138). Abolitionism was a great aid in spearheading the rights of blacks serving as soldiers. The abolitionism movement was fueled with evangelical religion, which deemed slavery as a sin. With this motto, members of the movement (both white and black) demanded that slavery be done away with, and terminated completely (Glatthaar, 15). The abolition movement is one in which its essential existence is tied integrally with that of African Americans, for it is their freedom which is at stake and is the goal of the movement. In the abolition movement is found the beginnings of the Anti-Slavery Society that has this as its constitution, This Society shall aim to elevate the character and condition of the people of color, by encouraging their intellectual, moral and religious improvement, and by removing public prejudice, that thus they may, according to their intellectual and moral worth, share an equality with the whites, of civil and religious privileges; but this Society will never, in any way, countenance the oppressed in vindicating their rights by resorting to physical force. Here is established the beating heart of the movement, to liberate the black community, and restore to them their God-given rights as humans to live freely, without adversity, without a fundamental challenge to their worth as part of humanity. Conclusion The myriad of influences the African American culture and people had on the Civil War is vast in its subjects, from black soldiers, the abolitionists, to their role in religion, African Americans have proven that their participation in the Civil War is essential. Black soldiers were only given praise and trustworthiness after they had proven themselves in the field of battle as equal compatriots to the Northern white soldier. During the clandestine times of the Underground Railroad, African Americans showed their dedication, and their strength of will through traveling thousands of miles to be free, and then they traversed the same paths in order to allow for other fugitives to find their way to the North. In Frederick Douglass there was found a man who stood for what he believed, not only in speech, but also in action. His deliberate animosity to ignorance in owning slaves helped to fuel the fires of the abolition movement, and thus the public awareness and knowledge of what slavery truly is: a vile creature, distorted with hate, and allowed to live only through dictatorship, and autocracy. McPherson states of the Civil War, â€Å"The Lincoln administration and the Republican press, even antislavery newspapers such as the new York Tribune, declared emphatically that the purpose of the war was the restoration of the Union, and that the issues of slavery and the Negro had nothing to do with the conflict† (22). Without the establishment of the Underground Railroad, the Abolitionist movement, and the fight for freed blacks to become soldiers, the Civil War would not hold for a history about the emancipation of a race, but the unification of a country instead. The ultimate influence that the African Americans had in the Civil War was their participation in all aspects of it; they were not going to be denied their human right to be their own masters, and without their voices and contributions in the war, slavery might not be an old issue. Without the personal stories of African Americans such as Frederick Douglass then the war would be empty of freedom. As McPherson quotes of Susie King Taylor, In this ‘land of the free’ we are burned, tortured, and denied a fair trial, murdered for any imaginary wrong conceived in the brain of the negro-hating white man. There is no redress for us from a government which promised to protect all under its flag. It seems a mystery to me. They say, ‘One flag, one nation, one country indivisible. ’ Is this true? Can we say this truthfully, when one race is allowed to burn, hang, and inflict the most horrible torture weekly, monthly, on another? No, we cannot sing, ‘My country, ‘t is of thee, Sweet land of Liberty’! It is hollow mockery. The Southland laws are all on the side of the white, and they do just as they like to the negro, whether in the right or not†¦(313). African Americans made this their war. Through fortitude and strength of will, they placed their faith in the decency of the Northern states and abolitionists to see the truth of the hate and prejudice in the country. The Civil War would not be about freedom, and the extraction of the activity of slavery in America if not for African Americans. African Americans paved the way for their own rebellion by speaking up, by acting, by using their talents in the field of battle and fighting for themselves, for liberation, for their sisters, brothers, mothers, and fathers. Without the influence of African Americans, the Civil War would have been just about unification. Work Cited Bordewich, Fergus M.Bound for Canaan. The Underground Railroad and the War for The Soul of America. HarperCollins, New York. 2005. Elkins, Stanely. Slavery. University of Chicago Press. 1976. Glatthaar, Joseph T. Forged in Battle: The Civil War Alliance of Black Soldiers and White Officers. The Free Press. New York, 1991. McPherson, James M. The Negro’s Civil War. Pantheon Books. New York, 1965. McPherson, James M. Ordeal by Fire. McGraw Hill. New York. 2001 Tracy, O. 2005. http://www. teacheroz. com/index. htm.

Tre Graffiti Paradigm: The Art of the Piece Essay -- Visual Art Artis

Tre Graffity Paradigm: The Art of the Piece It’s 11:00 p.m. on a Tuesday when three young men, barely high school age, slip through a chain-link fence and into a New York City trainyard. Each carries a duffel bag, from which can be heard the rattling and clanking of spray cans. Six hours later, they re-emerge, their hands stained with paint and their bags almost empty. What have they done? Inside the yard now stands a freshly painted mural, sixty feet wide and twelve feet high. The work is the result of weeks of designing and planning, and with luck it might last as long on the train as it already has on paper. What the boys have done, what has taken place inside that trainyard, is a work of art. [Let us begin with a basic assumption. One may object to graffiti on social or moral grounds, but only in the most conservatist terms can it not be considered â€Å"art.† Any idea of art which does not go out of its way to disinclude vandalism will, in fact, contain graffiti. We will, then, put aside social and moral considerations for the duration, and consider graffiti as art.] What does the work consist of? Who authored it, and how? What is it based on, and how does it relate? What is it, and what will become of it? The answers to these questions, collectively, form an important response to a bigger question: What is art? What does it mean to describe a piece as â€Å"a work of art†? AUTHORSHIP The young men have, in the course of this night, authored a â€Å"piece,† a work of graffiti. In the traditional sense, authorship is defined as the creation of the work. In such a sense, one of these young men is the author of the piece. One of the artists claims the piece as his own, and gives credit to the other two for â€Å"assis... ...ach style is in the distance between the previous styles and the style of the existing piece. Here, then, is the nature of art which graffiti exposes. Art is an activity, not an object; it is something which happens when foundations are developed upon and, most importantly, when new reference points are created. Each new reference point is a work of art; each new reference point is art. Works Used/Further References The quotes at the beginning are from New York City graffiti artists Bando and Seco, and came from Subway Art, by Henry Chalfant and Martha Cooper. This book and another, Spraycan Art (by Chalfant and James Prigoff), have been invaluable resources. Another invaluable resource is the ArtCrimes web site, at http://graffiti.org/. The definitions above are taken from that site’s glossary, and I found my way to all the pictures from that site as well.

Eco Friendly Constructions

WHAT IS ECO FRIENDLY CONST Eco-friendly, or ecological, construction is building a structure that is beneficial or non-harmful to the environment, and resource efficient. Otherwise known as green building, this type of construction is efficient in its use of local and renewable materials, and in the energy required to build it, and the energy generated while being within it. Eco-friendly construction has developed in response to the knowledge that buildings have an often negative impact upon our environment and our natural resources.This includes transporting materials hundreds or thousands of miles, which has a negative impact in the energy required to transport them, and also in emissions of hazardous chemicals from a poorly designed building that creates, and traps them. INTRODUCTION Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable building) refers to a structure and using process that is environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's lif e-cycle: from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition.This requires close cooperation of the design team, the architects, the engineers, and the client at all project stages. [1] The Green Building practice expands and complements the classical building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort. [2]Although new technologies are constantly being developed to complement current practices in creating greener structures, the common objective is that green buildings are designed to reduce the overall impact of the built environment on human health and the natural environment by: Efficiently using energy, water, and other resourcesProtecting occupant health and improving employee productivity Reducing waste, pollution and environmental degradation[2] A similar concept is natural building, which is usually on a smaller scale and tends to focus on the use of natural materials that are available locally. [3] Other related topics i nclude sustainable design and green architecture. Sustainability may be defined as meeting the needs of present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. [4] Green building does not specifically address the issue of the retrofitting existing homes.Reducing environmental impact Green building practices aim to reduce the environmental impact of buildings, so the very first rule is: the greenest building is the building that doesn't get built. New construction almost always degrades a building site, so not building is preferable to building. The second rule is: every building should be as small as possible. The third rule is: do not contribute to sprawl (the tendency for cities to spread out in a disordered fashion). No matter how much grass you put on your roof, no matter how many energy-efficient windows, etc. you use, if you contribute to sprawl, you've just defeated your purpose. Urban infill sites are preferable to suburban â€Å"gree nfield† sites. Buildings account for a large amount of land. According to the National Resources Inventory, approximately 107 million acres (430,000 km2) of land in the United States are developed. The International Energy Agency released a publication that estimated that existing buildings are responsible for more than 40% of the world’s total primary energy consumption and for 24% of global carbon dioxide emissions. [6] Goals of green buildingThe concept of sustainable development can be traced to the energy (especially fossil oil) crisis and the environment pollution concern in the 1970s. [7] The green building movement in the U. S. originated from the need and desire for more energy efficient and environmentally friendly construction practices. There are a number of motives for building green, including environmental, economic, and social benefits. However, modern sustainability initiatives call for an integrated and synergistic design to both new construction and i n the retrofitting of existing structures.Also known as sustainable design, this approach integrates the building life-cycle with each green practice employed with a design-purpose to create a synergy among the practices used. Green building brings together a vast array of practices, techniques, and skills to reduce and ultimately eliminate the impacts of buildings on the environment and human health. It often emphasizes taking advantage of renewable resources, e. g. , using sunlight through passive solar, active solar, and photovoltaic techniques and using plants and trees through green roofs, rain gardens, and reduction of rainwater run-off.Many other techniques are used, such as using wood as a building material, or using packed gravel or permeable concrete instead of conventional concrete or asphalt to enhance replenishment of ground water. While the practices, or technologies, employed in green building are constantly evolving and may differ from region to region, fundamental p rinciples persist from which the method is derived: Siting and Structure Design Efficiency, Energy Efficiency, Water Efficiency, Materials Efficiency, Indoor Environmental Quality Enhancement, Operations and Maintenance Optimization, and Waste and Toxics Reduction. 8][9] The essence of green building is an optimization of one or more of these principles. Also, with the proper synergistic design, individual green building technologies may work together to produce a greater cumulative effect. On the aesthetic side of green architecture or sustainable design is the philosophy of designing a building that is in harmony with the natural features and resources surrounding the site. There are several key steps in designing sustainable buildings: specify ‘green' building materials from local sources, reduce loads, optimize systems, and generate on-site renewable energy.Life cycle assessment (LCA) A life cycle assessment (LCA) can help avoid a narrow outlook on environmental, social an d economic concerns[10] by assessing a full range of impacts associated with all cradle-to-grave stages of a process: from extraction of raw materials through materials processing, manufacture, distribution, use, repair and maintenance, and disposal or recycling. Impacts taken into account include (among others) embodied energy, global warming potential, resource use, air pollution, water pollution, and waste.In terms of green building, the last few years have seen a shift away from a prescriptive approach, which assumes that certain prescribed practices are better for the environment, toward the scientific evaluation of actual performance through LCA. Although LCA is widely recognized as the best way to evaluate the environmental impacts of buildings (ISO 14040 provides a recognized LCA methodology), it is not yet a consistent requirement of green building rating systems and codes, despite the fact that embodied energy and other life cycle impacts are critical to the design of envi ronmentally responsible buildings.The foundation of any construction project is rooted in the concept and design stages. The concept stage, in fact, is one of the major steps in a project life cycle, as it has the largest impact on cost and performance. [12] In designing environmentally optimal buildings, the objective is to minimize the total environmental impact associated with all life-cycle stages of the building project. However, building as a process is not as streamlined as an industrial process, and varies from one building to the other, never repeating itself identically.In addition, buildings are much more complex products, composed of a multitude of materials and components each constituting various design variables to be decided at the design stage. A variation of every design variable may affect the environment during all the building's relevant life-cycle stages. [13] *Energy efficiency Green buildings often include measures to reduce energy consumption – both t he embodied energy required to extract, process, transport and install building materials and operating energy to provide services such as heating and power for equipment.As high-performance buildings use less operating energy, embodied energy has assumed much greater importance – and may make up as much as 30% of the overall life cycle energy consumption. Studies such as the U. S. LCI Database Project [14] show buildings built primarily with wood will have a lower embodied energy than those built primarily with brick, concrete or steel. [15]To reduce operating energy use, designers use details that reduce air leakage through the building envelope (the barrier between conditioned and unconditioned space).They also specify high-performance windows and extra insulation in walls, ceilings, and floors. Another strategy, passive solar building design, is often implemented in low-energy homes. Designers orient windows and walls and place awnings, porches, and trees[16] to shade win dows and roofs during the summer while maximizing solar gain in the winter. In addition, effective window placement (daylighting) can provide more natural light and lessen the need for electric lighting during the day. Solar water heating further reduces energy costs.Onsite generation of renewable energy through solar power, wind power, hydro power, or biomass can significantly reduce the environmental impact of the building. Power generation is generally the most expensive feature to add to a building. Water efficiency Reducing water consumption and protecting water quality are key objectives in sustainable building. One critical issue of water consumption is that in many areas, the demands on the supplying aquifer exceed its ability to replenish itself. To the maximum extent feasible, facilities should increase their dependence on water that is collected, used, purified, and reused on-site.The protection and conservation of water throughout the life of a building may be accomplish ed by designing for dual plumbing that recycles water in toilet flushing. Waste-water may be minimized by utilizing water conserving fixtures such as ultra-low flush toilets and low-flow shower heads. Bidets help eliminate the use of toilet paper, reducing sewer traffic and increasing possibilities of re-using water on-site. Point of use water treatment and heating improves both water quality and energy efficiency while reducing the amount of water in circulation.The use of non-sewage and greywater for on-site use such as site-irrigation will minimize demands on the local aquifer. [17] Materials efficiency Building materials typically considered to be ‘green' include lumber from forests that have been certified to a third-party forest standard, rapidly renewable plant materials like bamboo and straw, dimension stone, recycled stone, recycled metal (see: copper sustainability and recyclability), and other products that are non-toxic, reusable, renewable, and/or recyclable (e. . , Trass, Linoleum, sheep wool, panels made from paper flakes, compressed earth block, adobe, baked earth, rammed earth, clay, vermiculite, flax linen, sisal, seagrass, cork, expanded clay grains, coconut, wood fibre plates, calcium sand stone, concrete (high and ultra high performance, roman self-healing concrete[18]), etc. 19][20]) The EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) also suggests using recycled industrial goods, such as coal combustion products, foundry sand, and demolition debris in construction projects [21] Building materials should be extracted and manufactured locally to the building site to minimize the energy embedded in their transportation. Where possible, building elements should be manufactured off-site and delivered to site, to maximise benefits of off-site manufacture including minimising waste, maximising recycling (because manufacture is in one location), high quality elements, better OHS management, less noise and ust. Waste reduction Green architecture also seeks to reduce waste of energy, water and materials used during construction. For example, in California nearly 60% of the state's waste comes from commercial buildings[32] During the construction phase, one goal should be to reduce the amount of material going to landfills. Well-designed buildings also help reduce the amount of waste generated by the occupants as well, by providing on-site solutions such as compost bins to reduce matter going to landfills.To reduce the amount of wood that goes to landfill, Neutral Alliance (a coalition of government, NGOs and the forest industry) created the website dontwastewood. com. The site includes a variety of resources for regulators, municipalities, developers, contractors, owner/operators and individuals/homeowners looking for information on wood recycling. When buildings reach the end of their useful life, they are typically demolished and hauled to landfills. Deconstruction is a method of harvesting what is commonly considered â€Å"w aste† and reclaiming it into useful building material. 33] Extending the useful life of a structure also reduces waste – building materials such as wood that are light and easy to work with make renovations easier. [34]To reduce the impact on wells or water treatment plants, several options exist. â€Å"Greywater†, wastewater from sources such as dishwashing or washing machines, can be used for subsurface irrigation, or if treated, for non-potable purposes, e. g. , to flush toilets and wash cars. Rainwater collectors are used for similar purposes. Centralized wastewater treatment systems can be costly and use a lot of energy.An alternative to this process is converting waste and wastewater into fertilizer, which avoids these costs and shows other benefits. By collecting human waste at the source and running it to a semi-centralized biogas plant with other biological waste, liquid fertilizer can be produced. This concept was demonstrated by a settlement in Lubeck Germany in the late 1990s. Practices like these provide soil with organic nutrients and create carbon sinks that remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, offsetting greenhouse gas emission. Producing artificial fertilizer is also more costly in energy than this process. [35]

Why We Should Save Natural Resources

Why We should save natural resources because if we don’t, life will die out Have you ever wondered what would happen to the earth if we used all of the natural resources? Is it a possibility that this would happen in the near future? Well, at the current rate of resources being used it might happen. Renewable resources can Be used more than once. On the other hand non-renewable resources cannot be restored after being used once it’s used. Additionally non-renewable resources are in limited supply and be used once.Examples of these resources are Coal,oil and natural Gasses, they are known to be fossil fuels; They take millions of years to form. They have to be mined or drilled from deposits deep within the earth. And the Reason we should save them is because if we don’t what will we have left for example if we use too much paper we will end up cutting down all the tree’s on earth causing the CO2 level’s to go to high and kill us all. That is why my f amily save all paper we use and double side our work. The Future of our economy lies in how much we use natural resources.And according to the Political Economy of Natural Resources â€Å"The Development and taking of Resources leads to wars among countries and within countries†(the Political Economy of Natural Resources) And if natural resources Cost more money guess who suffers? The people do, Such as if we use up all our oil the price for a car and it’s maintenance would be very high. And Gail Tverberg believes â€Å"If the price of oil goes up the price of everything goes up† Natural resources don’t only affect the economy but the environment too. Natural resources are found throughout nature.So when we use it up the environment suffers to most. Without forests in certain areas will never have forests again. So by cutting down trees you are basically abusing the earth. And a source states â€Å"That forested area are decreasing 1% every year† s o basically in about 100 years we will die unless we stop cutting down trees and planting more of them. And half the world’s forest has already been cut down so without the trees what will stop the the soil erosion will permanently destroy the land and if that land is destroyed.And if the land is destroyed what will trap the Carbon dioxide or give oxygen. So if we take the natural resources, the bionetwork = earth abuse = no life after some amount of years. The world’s population has grown over the years, and because of this, more resources are needed. and as more people are born there is fossil fuels used because we need to heat more people’s heating bills and electricity. So the More people born then dead in a day can make the years the earth have less.And i have a some reasons why hydrogen should be our fuel until we can plant enough trees for soil erosion to go away and to get some more natural resources Reasons= It is colorless and odorless it is not a foss il fuel With the right technology using hydrogen, the sun and the wind we could get enough energy to power the whole US in 1 year. and after all the whole us is been powered stably we could store that energy and within 10 year we could have power to power the whole planet for at least 2 full years and all of the power is coming from renewable sources.And 90% of it is produced from natural gas after we make it pure it will be able to power almost everything including automobile, heat, electricity, and water Clean burning fuel It does’t emit greenhouse gasses which ruins the ozone layer Although Nonrenewable can be made from water (which has 2 part hydrogen and 1 part oxygen) and the sun. It can be made without mining from a limited supply It can be replenished through a natural processes it is the simplest element with only one proton and one eletron.

HTC case analysis Essays

HTC case analysis Essays HTC case analysis Essay HTC case analysis Essay ETC designs and manufactures products as specified by third parties that are later on the process sold under a different name. All the specified products are highly innovative and advanced. Len fact ETC was one of the first carriers to launch a touchable screen phone (ETC Touch) In 2007, three weeks before the phone was flirt commercialism. After that, ETC released the next model, the Touch Diamond, that improve ETC Touch with a more solid Phones for wireless network operators. On the one hand the internet experience US Is a locked market where the two big operators ATT and Verizon sell phones with their own slim card,eliminative technology and customers switch phones according to the plan that suits them best (provided by their operator). On the other hand, the European Market is unlocked, and customers are more loyal to their phone brand TABLETS: ETC entered the Tablet fever in 2011 with the ETC Flyer, a 7 Inch android tablet which was not very successful. Later with a 10 inch 46 Streamer offered by ATT in exclusivity, but did not succeed either. It was a extremely competitive market. 2. VALUE ANALYSIS ETC focused most of its resources on taking a highly customized approach with mobile operators to set itself apart from other contract manufacturers. Phones were being customized according to the clients needs and then sold some times under a different brand. Egg. : the first Google Nexus. Moreover ETC helped mobile operators building a unique value proposition and optimized their services by manufacturing hones that looked like their own phones. Furthermore, ETC works with two SO systems, Android and Windows Phone In order to satisfy these two different customers segments. With Android policy to allow developers to modify and adapt their SO to individual needs, ETC was able to differentiate its android products from other manufacturers with ETC Sense; an Internally developed layer of software on top of Android that Included a superb LU as well as unique applications providing unique experiences for ETC users. 3. This great amount of personalization meant costs above average (compared to other manufacturers) since all products needed different marketing strategies and not a lot of pieces could be shared across other ETC products. ETC right now is switching to its original DOOM business leaving on the side the manufacturing for third parties, since the new CEO sees building brand image as the key to fight its competition and capture the real value of Innovation. This would allow the company to unify its marketing campaign efforts and save costs; they used to have the problem that their racketing efforts were so different across countries that a person seeing two 1 OFF brand. Some of the other issues that are being discussed is the SO strategy, because Windows does not allow that much personalization and they fear that Monika might get rights over it. Relating to planning, we agree on the fact that ETC should start focusing in one line of smartness with the same SO system which will allow the company to improve its brand image and start escalating in the top smartness of the market list.

Brigadier General James Barnes in the Civil War

Brigadier General James Barnes in the Civil War James Barnes - Early Life Career: Born December 28, 1801, James Barnes was a native of Boston, MA.   Receiving his early education locally, he later attended Boston Latin School before commencing a career in business.   Unsatisfied in this field, Barnes elected to pursue a military career and obtained an appointment to West Point in 1825.   Older than many of his classmates, including Robert E. Lee, he graduated in 1829 ranked fifth of forty-six.   Commissioned as a brevet second lieutenant, Barnes received an assignment to the 4th US Artillery.   Over the next few years, he served sparingly with the regiment as he was retained at West Point to teach French and tactics.   In 1832, Barnes married Charlotte A. Sanford. James Barnes - Civilian Life: On July 31, 1836, following the birth of his second son, Barnes elected to resign his commission in the US Army and accepted a position as a civil engineer with a railroad.   Successful in this endeavor, he became superintendent of the Western Railroad (Boston Albany) three years later.   Based in Boston, Barnes remained in this position for twenty-two years.   In the late spring of 1861, following the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter and beginning of the Civil War, he left the railroad and sought a military commission.   As a graduate of West Point, Barnes was able to obtain the colonelcy of the 18th Massachusetts Infantry on July 26.   Traveling to Washington, DC in late August, the regiment remained in the area until the spring of 1862. James Barnes - Army of the Potomac: Ordered south in March, Barnes regiment sailed to the Virginia Peninsula for service in Major General George B. McClellans Peninsula Campaign.   Initially assigned to Brigadier General Fitz John Porters division of III Corps, Barnes regiment followed the general to the newly-created V Corps in May.   Largely assigned to guard duty, the 18th Massachusetts saw no action during the advance up the Peninsula or during the Seven Days Battles in late June and early July.   In the wake of the Battle of Malvern Hill, Barnes brigade commander, Brigadier General John Martindale, was relieved.   As the senior colonel in brigade, Barnes assumed command on July 10.   The following month, the brigade participated in the Union defeat at the Second Battle of Manassas, though for unrecorded reasons Barnes was not present.       Rejoining his command, Barnes moved north in September as McClellans Army of the Potomac pursued Lees Army of Northern Virginia.   Though present at the Battle of Antietam on September 17, Barnes brigade and the rest of V Corps were held in reserve throughout the fighting.   In the days after the battle, Barnes made his combat debut when his men moved to cross the Potomac in pursuit of the retreating enemy.   This went badly as his men encountered the Confederate rearguard near the river and sustained over 200 casualties and 100 captured.   Barnes performed better later that fall at the Battle of Fredericksburg.   Mounting one of the several unsuccessful Union attacks against Maryes Heights, he received recognition for his efforts from his division commander, Brigadier General Charles Griffin. James Barnes - Gettysburg: Promoted to brigadier general on April 4, 1863, Barnes led his men at the Battle of Chancellorsville the following month.   Though only lightly engaged, his brigade held the distinction of being the last Union formation to recross the Rappahannock River after the defeat.   In the wake of Chancellorsville, Griffin was forced to take sick leave and Barnes assumed command of the division.   The second-oldest general in the Army of the Potomac behind Brigadier General George S. Greene, he led the division north to aid in halting Lees invasion of Pennsylvania.   Arriving at the Battle of Gettysburg early on July 2, Barnes men briefly rested near Powers Hill before V Corps commander Major General George Sykes ordered the division south towards Little Round Top. En route, one brigade, led by Colonel Strong Vincent, was detached and rushed to aid in the defense of Little Round Top.   Deploying on the south side of the hill, Vincents men, including Colonel Joshua L. Chamberlains 20th Maine, played a critical role in holding the position.   Moving with his remaining two brigades, Barnes received orders to reinforce Major General David Birneys division in the Wheatfield.   Arriving there, he soon withdrew his men back 300 yards without permission and refused pleas from those on his flanks to advance.   When Brigadier General James Caldwells division arrived to reinforce the Union position, an irate Birney ordered Barnes men to lie down so that these forces could pass through and reach the fighting.          Finally moving Colonel  Jacob B. Sweitzers brigade into the fight, Barnes became conspicuously absent when it came under a flank attack from Confederate forces.   At some point later in the afternoon, he was wounded in the leg and taken from the field.   Following the battle, Barnes performance was criticized by fellow general officers as well as his subordinates.   Though he recovered from his wound, he performance at Gettysburg effectively ended his career as a field officer. James Barnes - Later Career Life: Returning to active duty, Barnes moved through garrison posts in Virginia and Maryland.   In July 1864, he assumed command of the Point Lookout prisoner-of-war camp in southern Maryland.   Barnes remained in the army until being mustered out on January 15, 1866.   In recognition of his services, he received a brevet promotion to major general.   Returning to railroad work, Barnes later aided the commission tasked with constructing the Union Pacific Railroad.   He later died at Springfield, MA on February 12, 1869 and was buried in the citys Springfield Cemetery.   Ã‚   Selected Sources Gettysburg: James BarnesOfficial Records: James Barnes18th Massachusetts Infantry

The Theme of Death in the Works of Edgar Allan Poe Essay

The Theme of Death in the Works of Edgar Allan Poe - Essay Example Poe was then sent to both the Chelsea and the Stoke Newington boarding schools in the suburbs f London. Although he was a brilliant student, excelling especially in mathematics, he did not enjoy his days spent there. In July f 1820 Mr. Allan's business collapsed, and they were forced to return to Richmond in order to avoid the creditors that Allan was indebted to. Edgar Allan Poe was obviously not typical in his style f writing nor in his style f life. His father left the family when he was young and his mother was dead by the time Poe was three from tuberculosis. "So precocious a child must have carried with him, deeply imprinted, the waning figure and the coughing paroxysms f his mother." (Darkening 9). For the remainder f his tragic life, things never seemed to improve much. He lost his wife (also his cousin), Virginia, two years before his own death. After his trouble with alcoholism and general bad health, Poe died when he was about 40 years old. The exact events surrounding his death are still uncertain and somewhat mysterious. (Parker 1-5) Most f Poe's literary works were inspired by life. "Alone" is Poe's way f vocalizing the unique and dismal life that he led. He, from an apparently young age, finds himself with such different feelings about life than most people. In this poem, Poe describes his own condition f loneliness. In the first three stanzas alone, Poe discusses that since his early childhood he didn't see the world as others saw it. Even as a child his emotions were very hard to express. Anything he expressed he kept inside. In the sixth stanza, Poe writes "My sorrow; I could not awaken", meaning that because he had his emotions bottled up, he couldn't even express his sorrow. Because he couldn't express his emotions, anything he loved he couldn't love with another person, he could only love alone. There was no way he could express himself emotionally. Poe continues to reiterate that since his childhood he had this mystery surrounding him, following him wherever he went. When he did anything or went anywher e, there was this mystery or shadow that continued to bind him. This mystery could be the problem f not expressing his emotions he inherited as a child or the element f self-companionship. "His was a deviant mind, and his soul, ever lost in mystery, was possessed f demons; even elements f nature assumed their form."(Darkening 9). Ultimately Poe emphasizes this mystery as an evil or "a demon" that was haunting him. The demon was present everywhere; even the elements f nature assumed its form. Poe describes the demon as the sun rolling around him, as the thunder from the storm. Everywhere he turns and looks this evil is lurking around him, making Poe unique from others. Poe describes his uniqueness as a result f the demon that he is consumed by. The reason why he is alone, and why he can only love alone is because f this demon which he inherited as a child. (VanSpanckeren 1-5) Numerous events in Poe's life can explain why Poe may have written this poem. This poem was written in 1830, around the year where his stepmother had died and when his stepfather had remarried. The death f his "beloved step-mother reinforced the morbid consistency f Edgar's mind."(Darkening 4-5). Her death probably caused more psychological problems to Poe. He lost his biological mother and his stepmother, both f whom helped provide emotional support for

Industrial Law Assignment ( Contract Law ) Essay

Industrial Law Assignment ( Contract Law ) - Essay Example The Company A has accepted the contract with Company B with all the clauses. Company B, in effect offered to provide the equipment by a particular date. It agreed to do so for a particular amount, which is the consideration. Company B accepted the offer and communicated to Company A that they would complete the order. The letter issued by Company B stated that it was â€Å"accepting the order subject to our standard terms of business.† Clause 10 of the standard terms of business of Company B in effect stated that Company B would be liable to any defect in the equipment only if claim to that effect is lodged within seven days of supply of the equipment. The standard terms of Company B also provided that it would not be liable for any loss caused due to delay in supply of equipment. The Contract Manager of Company A communicated to Company B the details of the equipment it needed, and by implication agreed to the standard terms of business of Company B in their entirety. The first three terms were acted upon. The equipment was supplied to Company A well within time. Company B was paid for the same. The other two terms are not applicable to the problem at hand. Company A did not communicate to Company B the defect within time, and the liability of Company B as regards the defects ended on 8th July 2009. So the complaint communicated to Company B by letter Dt. 15th July 2009 can not be legally enforceable. The contract entered in to by the parties was fully acted upon, and no clause of the contract would be open for interpretation other than what was given to it in express terms. The contract was of the executed consideration type and ended in fulfillment when the Company B was paid by the Company B. Though the Contract Manager of Company A was unaware about the particular Clause 10 which ended the liability of Company B on expiry of period of seven days of the supply, it does not in any way alter the lack of the contractual obligation on

Stem Cell Research Legislation Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Stem Cell Legislation - Research Paper Example By mid 2000s, many states like New Jersey allowed human cloning for for developing and harvesting stem cells from humans. However, others like Indiana and Michigan amended laws that prohibited human embryo creation or destruction for purposes of medical research (Vestal and Writer 2008). During his second term, in 2006, Bush for the first time used his presidential veto on Enhancement Act of Stem Cell Research, but it was not enacted into law. Chris Smith, a Jersey congress man, wrote the 2005 Research Act on Stem Cell Therapeutic, with some narrow exceptions, and President Bush signed it into law. When Obama took over as the US president, he removed federal funding restriction, which Bush had passed in 2001 and this only allowed 21 cell lines funding which had already been created. Contrary, the Dickey Budget Amendment in the 2009 Act on Omnibus Appropriations still bans funding by federal for creation of new cell lines. This means that the federal government can only fund research that uses hundreds of lines created by private and public funds The President’s Council (2005). Scientific Background Stem cells are found in many multicellular organisms for example hematopoietic stem cells that are multipotent and give rise to blood lineage cells. Embryonic stem cells differ from multi potent stem cells in that, they are pluripotent and hence are able to provide all body cells. The first embryonic stem cells in humans were isolated in 1998, but 1981, they had been isolated in mice (John and Joe, 2007). The cell therapy on stem cells is called stem cell treatments, which introduce new cells into bodies of humans for possible cancer, diabetes, and somatic cells treatment as well as other medical conditions. Stem cells might also be useful in cloning and they have also been used in repair of tissues that have been damaged by diseases (Neel and Silberner2008). After fertilization, according to John and Joe, (2007) a research conducted at the university of Wake Forest indicated that amniotic fluid sperm cells donated by pregnant mothers hold similar promise like embryonic stem cells. Under President Bill Clinton’s administration, NIH, in 2000 issued federal funding guidelines for embryonic stem cell research (John and Joe, 2007). Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act This was the name given to two similar bills that that passed through the house of senate and representatives in United States. President Bush vetoed the two bills but was not signed into law. Irrespective of their names, they hence remained as bills and not act. Act of 2005 was the first one to be vetoed by President Bush after five years of his inauguration. The bill however did not allow stem cell research to be funded by the federal government. If it was passed, it would have allowed new lines of stem cell research gotten from human embryos, which had been discarded and be created for treatments of fertility. The 2007 Act proposed federal legislation that could amend t he act of public health service to provide for stem cell research on human embryos. In April 2007, the bill was passed in the senate and the house by June. The 2009 act triggered more concerns on whether to enact the bill into law but was later passed by the congress in 2009. Stem Cell Research Legislation Stem cell research offers a positive to promise to the cure of certain deadly diseases like cancer and diabetes. Kirk, the Illinois republican says that it is

Overview Of General Motors And Toyota

Overview Of General Motors And Toyota With the global economic crisis and energy crisis, automotive sales fell to their lowest per-capita levels, putting automakers under enormous financial pressure. All automotive manufacturers have been severely affected, with most reporting significant losses in the last two year. This affects all automotive producers including global automotive giants like General Motors (GM) and TOYOTA. If we consider GM and TOYOTA alone, both companies lost a great deal of sales and had to adjust themselves according to these unexpected conditions. Especially GMs liquidity fell rapidly to levels below those needed to operate the company. At the same time, because of TOYOTAs well defined production processes and their high quality production, TOYOTA could provide healthier competition over General Motors, which facilitate TOYOTA to take over the global industry leadership from GM. As the main objective of this report is to carry out a detailed analysis in relation to the above mentioned situation and come up with some feasible international strategic movement that can be used to take back the industry leadership from TOYOTA by General Motors. Overview Overview of General Motors General Motors, founded in 1908 September by William C. Duran. General Motors Corporation (GM) is more than one century year old Multinational Corporation, which has been maintaining the automobile industry leadership over the last 80 years. GM employs approximately 244,500 people around the world, across all its brands. General Motors provides a wide range of vehicle priced from US$10,000 to US$100,000+ catering to various customer segments all over the world from middle to luxury class automobiles. Chevrolet, GMC, Pontiac, Cadillac, GM Daewoo, Hummer and Opel brands are some of their best brands. At the turn of the 21st century, it was prevalent that the environment needed to be preserved. General Motors began creating vehicles that were more environmental friendly. GM has innovated itself by creating fuel-efficient vehicles, bio fuels and hybrids. Since its inception, it has expanded to sell cars and trucks in 140 countries across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, the Middle East and Africa. In 2008, GM sold 8.35 million vehicles. GMs largest national market is the United States, followed by China, Brazil, the United Kingdom, Canada, Russia and Germany. Below table represents GMs Global Vehicles sales and Market share in 2008: Overview of TOYOTA The TOYOTA Motor Corp. (TMC) was established in 1933. The founder of TOYOTA was Kiichiro Toyoda. As the main operational difference, TOYOTA is a process-oriented company whereas most companies are results-oriented, focused on how much they can make or sell or how much money they can make in a quarter. TOYOTA sells its vehicles in more than 170 countries and regions. TOYOTAs primary markets for its automobiles are Japan, North America, Europe and Asia. Continued Success of TOYOTA As you see in the Figure 1, TOYOTA had a continuous growth over the last few years. TOYOTA designed their vehicles with a greater customer satisfaction and sales satisfaction by focusing quality, price, design, performance, safety, reliability, economy and utility. Figure 1 TOYOTA continuously introduced various innovative success models such as environmental friendly Hybrid Luxury Cars to expand their vehicle range. TOYOTAs market growth drastically resulted to decline GMs sales within the US market as well as in the global market and ultimately TOYOTA could become the global industrial leadership by defeating the global automobile giant, General Motors. Why GM Failed? General Motors Faced Problems General Motors (GM) lost their industry leadership and faced the worst economic downturn during the last two years. Consumers have had to contend with illiquid credit markets, rising unemployment, declining incomes and home values, and volatile fuel prices. Industrys competition provided a major contribution towards the GMs failure. In addition to this immense competition from the other global automobile companies, following two economic and industrial issues provided a radical pressure towards GMs comedown. 1. Global Economic Decline The global financial crisis really started to show its effects in the middle of 2007 and into 2009. Around the world stock markets have drastically fallen, large financial institutions have collapsed or been bought out, and governments in even the wealthiest nations have had to come up with rescue packages to bail out their financial systems. New car purchases dropped significantly in U.S. in the final quarter of 2008. The US auto sales for 2008 stood at 13.2 million down 18 percent from 16.1 million in 2007. Because of this General Motors faced significant slump in their revenues. 2. Automotive Industry Crisis The automotive industry crisis of 2008-2009 was a part of a global financial downturn. The crisis primarily affected the American automobile manufacturing industry other than to the Asian and European markets. Further the automotive industry was weakened by a considerable increase in the prices of automotive fuels because of the energy crisis. By 2008, the situation had turned critical as the credit crunch placed pressure on the prices of raw materials. Blunders of General Motors (GM) Other than to the above 2 global economic and industrial issues, General Motors further made following internal blunders as well: a). Unstylish Design GM customers were not satisfy with the last 10 years GM car models, basic reason was GM primarily wanted to keep the costs low, they compromised the design. b). High Cost Production GM has not utilized their plant capacity for maximum benefit. The other reason was the high labor cost especially because of the high employee salaries and given benefits, GM had to spend a large amount of production cost along with the high maintenance cost of their plants in United States. c). Wrong Pricing Strategies After the crisis happened, GM radically cut their prices with bottomless discounts, which resulted to increase their sales around 25 27k units per year, but there after the quantity stayed until the cars demise. How TOYOTA Won the Game? TOYOTAs Improved Production Process TOYOTAs automobile production process provided an enormous push towards the company success. First they methodically reduced the setup time in the automobile assembly line and trained an efficient assembly line work force. In parallel to this they continuously improved the quality of each completed process independently. Initially this quality improvement mechanism was so challenging but with the proper process designing and employee expertise, error rate began to drop dramatically. Once the setup time and assembly line was improved, then TOYOTA implemented JIT (Just-In-Time) to reduce the buffer stocks and inventory levels during the production process. This resulted to accelerate and increase the efficiency of production assembly line process without maintaining surplus inventory. In order to do this TOYOTA maintained a better supplier base by entering in to long-term relationship with major suppliers. From the beginning itself, TOYOTA closely worked with their suppliers, providing them by sharing engineering/management expertise, and even with capital to finance for new investments. As a result of these improvements, TOYOTA could reduce the cost of production along with the high labor productivity and the quality which ultimately gave a greater competitive advantage over the other global automotive competitors. Next step of TOYOTA was to further increase the customer satisfaction. Therefore, TOYOTA continuously conducted customer surveys by using various techniques; they estimated and identified the exact customer preferences. These finding were directly incorporated with their actual automobile design process. TOYOTAs Distribution and Global Expansion After 1983 TOYOTAs first successful joint venture with General Motors, by 2006 TOYOTA represented more than 60% of the total North American sales. In parallel to the US market expansion, TOYOTA made their move in European market as well. By now with TOYOTA has overtaken General Motors and become the largest automobile industry leader in the world. How GM Become the Leader Again? SWOT Analysis of General Motors To have a strategic approach first of all we need to understand companys capabilities clearly. So below I have conducted a SWOT analysis to get a clear picture about the company. According to Capon, (2004:393) SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. The strengths and weaknesses of an organization arise from its internal environment, namely resources and their use, structure culture and the tasks carried out by the four functions of business. Which strengths an organization decides to build on and which weaknesses it seeks to minimize depends on the impact of opportunities and threats from the external environment. Below I have categorized the internal and external environment factors for GM. Strengths World-wide Market coverage and Technology potential. Sols with packagers (for different needs). Utilization of core competencies to meet the requirements of specific customer needs. Weaknesses Failure to Make Technology Work Product Design Problems-public Acceptance. For every car that GM sells, $2500 of the profit will go towards paying for the benefits of retired Employees. Still much to Learn about Lean Production-High Cost Production. Opportunities Use of knowledge gained from Joint Ventures. Continue to Build Customer Confidence. Almost all the automotive firms facing the same Economical challenges. Changing Consumer Demand for New Model Types and Styles. Threats Domestic and Foreign Competitors and Other Competitors Fuel Efficient Cars Global Economic Crisis. Unions are powerful and Drive a Hard Bargaining. High R D Cost. By considering the obtainable strengths and opportunities, still GM has several avenues to take over TOYOTA and become the number one in the automobile industry again. But for that, according to my analysis GM has to carefully perform several internal restructuring activities and adjust them to face to the immense competition. Below I have listed down some important steps that GM could follow to get back to the right track during the next 5 years. Products Improvement (Fuel Efficiency Improvement) General Motors (GM) today offers about 20 models with average 30 miles per gallon or more on the highway more than any other manufacturer. General Motors is also considered as the world leader in flex fuel technologies. GM should concentrate following areas during the overall products improvements. Vehicle Quality Improvement General Motors is focused on delivering high-quality and exciting cars, crossovers and trucks to their consumers. GM has substantially overcome the quality gap compared to many competitors. Further improvements especially in warranty problems per vehicle (relative to competition) are expected and such improvements should be taken in to account during the vehicle development process. Design Improvement GM should not cut cost on their products design because customers still expect to look good their vehicles. Further GM can systematically conduct their target market surveys so that they can identify the exact design preferences of their customers. Improve Fuel Efficiency GM should concentrate more Hybrid Cars production. Because by now, gas-electric hybrid cars have now become a practical choice for consumers and it offers so many efficient, innovative and affordable options. Improve Engine Reliability GM had to face number of complaints (especially electrical problems) about recent unreliability vehicle designs. So they must make sure to design their vehicles safety features at least above the average level. Most importantly, especially due to oil crisis and continuous oil prices increments, there is a very good potential market for Extended-Range Electric Vehicles. So if GM could further focus on development of advanced batteries, power electronics, systems integration and manufacturing methods, there would be high chance to dominate these types of new customer segments all over the world. Marketing Strategies At present, GM competes with 8 brands in the United States and out of them Chevrolet, Cadillac, Buick, and GMC represent the companys core brands, accounting for approximately 83% of current sales. So GM should focus considerably all of its product development and marketing resources in support of these core brands. This will result in improvements in awareness, sales, and customer satisfaction for these 4 core brands. Retail Operations (Locations) The other important consideration is GM should take necessary steps to strengthen and further consolidation of GMs dealer network, which will result to get to a more profitable and stronger dealer network. As a distribution issue GM has approximately 6450 dealer locations right now, but the problem is most of their positioning is limited to serve in metropolitan and suburban areas. So GM should reinforce rural areas distribution network as well, which is a significant competitive advantage. Further GM should intend to have the right number of brands, sold by the right number of dealers, in the right locations to obtain maximum profitability for GM and the retailer network. Operational Processes When we closely monitor GMs manufacturing cost, we can see a dramatic declining from $18.4 billion in 2003 to $8.1 billion in 2008. According to the following diagram (Figure 2) you can see the US hourly manufacturing cost reduction over the last few years. Figure 2 Further, this reduction reflects significant productivity improvements. And also, due to post-employment healthcare expense plan reductions, GMs new hires would be as low as $30 $35. This rate would be significantly below the average fully-loaded labor cost for TOYOTA, which public sources indicate is between $45 and $50 per hour. Below chart depicts GMs significant reduction of U.S. salaried employee count over the last few years. So definitely because of these types of operational cost reductions, GMs wages and benefits for both current workers and new hires will be fully competitive with TOYOTA in near future. Further Cost Reductions General Motors various restructuring initiatives over the past few years have been designed to improve its competitive position and ultimately the companys profitability, liquidity and capital structure. However over the past 15 years alone, General Motors (GM) spent over $103 billion on post-employment healthcare and pension expenses. Therefore, GM should plan to reduce the companys structural costs at least by $5 billion annually, or 16%, during the next two years. This would be a significant and important restructuring step to the companys long-term viability. Strategic Alliances and Collaborations In the present business context collaboration is the best option rather than the competition. Therefore going forward, GM should consider and plan to create possible and contributing collaborations such as an IJV (international joint venture) or alliances for the company. According to Daft, (2006) medium and large companies have couple of ways to become involved in international business. One is to seek cheaper sources of supply offshore, which is called outsourcing. Another is to develop markets for finish products outside their home countries, which may include exporting, licensing, and direct investing. These are called market entry strategies because they represent alternative ways to sell products and services in foreign markets. Most firms begin with exporting and work up to direct investment. Exhibit 1.1 shows the strategies companies can use to enter foreign markets. Exhibit 1.1 International journal of business management, (2010) commented that newly established, 3 technology-based firms entering international markets often have limited resources in terms of capabilities, time, and capital. As a consequence, these firms often use entry modes characterized by low resource commitment, including partnership agreements (strategic alliances). What is the Best Marketing Strategy for GM? In this section I have investigate how the partner selection criteria is important for GM when they select a marketing entry strategy. Trust, Relatedness of Business, Access to Networks, Access to Market Knowledge, Reputation Factors should be considered as the five primary concerns when a company selects a partner company to proceed with a collaborative approach. Based on number studies, and according to my own analysis, to regain the market, I suggest GM should proceed with strategic alliances market entry mode. Forging Strategic Alliances and Collaborative Strategies Jeannet and Hennessy, (2004) have clearly justified that the more recent phenomenon is the development of range of Strategic Alliances. Alliances are different from traditional joint ventures, in which two partners contribute a fixed amount of resources and the venture develops on its own. In an alliance, two entire firms pool their resources directly in a collaboration that goes beyond the limits of joint ventures, although a new entity may be formed, it is not a requirement. Sometimes the alliance is supported by some equity acquisition of one or both of the partners. In an alliance, each partner brings a particular skill or resource-usually, they are complementary-and by joining forces, each expects to profit from the others experience. Typically alliances involved distribution access, technology transfers, or production technology, with each partner contributing a different element to the alliance. Daniels, Radebaugh, and Sullivan, (2007) suggest an alliance is a collaborative arrangement in which at least one of the collaborating companies takes an ownership position. In some cases, each party takes an ownership, such as by buying part of each others shares or by swapping some shares with each other. The purpose of the equity ownership is to solidify a collaborating contract, such as a supplier-buyer contract, so that it is more difficult to break-particularly if the ownership is large enough to secure a board membership for the investing company. Production Bases Alliances According to my analysis, GM should proceed with Production Bases Alliances. Jeannet and Hennessy, (2004) pointed out these alliances fall into two groups. First there is the search for efficiency through component linkages, which may include engines or other key components of a car. Second, companies have begun to share entire car models, either by producing jointly or by developing them together. U.S. automobile manufacturers have been very active in creating global alliances with partners, primarily in Japan. Many of these alliances are production based. As a good example, to compete more effectively in the super-small car segment in Europe, Peugeot of France and Toyota of Japan collaborated on the building of a new production plants located in Kolin, Czech Republic by investing about $ 1.5 billion in this facility. The two partners shared the same body design but used exterior modifications to differentiate their models. Both companies carried out their marketing strategies separately, and thus are likely to compete against each other through their own sales and distribution networks. By joining forces, broth manufactures will gain economies in a very price sensitive market segment. If GM collaborates with a leading automobile partner such as TOYOTA or any other, they would also be able to win the competitive advantage through strategic production bases alliances. Problems of Collaborative Arrangements None of these arrangements are not problem-free or perfect approaches. Daniels, Radebaugh, and Sullivan, (2007) shows that although collaborative arrangements have many advantages, some companies avoid them; many arrangements develop problems that lead partners to renegotiate their relationships. Partners might renegotiate responsibilities, ownership, or management structure. In spite of new relationships, many agreements break down or are not renewed at the end of an initial contract period. Collaborations Importance to Partners One partner may give more management attention to a collaborative arrangement than the other does. If things go wrong the active partner blames the less active partner for making lack of attention, and the less active partner blames the more active partner for making poor decisions. Objectives Differences Although companies enter into collaborative arrangements because they have complementary capabilities, their objectives may evolve differently over time. For instance, one partner may want to reinvent earnings for growth and the other may want to receive dividends. One partner may want to expand the product line and sales territory, and the other may see this as competition with its wholly owned operations. A partner may wish to sell or buy from the venture, and the other partner may disagree with the prices. For example, GM has joint venture in Thailand with Fuji Heavy Industries to make and export vehicles to Opel in Germany and Subaru in Japan. Because of disagreements over quality, both companies perform inspections, which is time consuming and expansive, they have even argued over standards of paint jobs. Control Problems By sharing the assets with another, one company may lose some control on the extent or quality of the assets use. Some companies have well known trademarked names that they licence abroad for the production of some products that they have never produced or had expertises. When no single company has control of a collaborative arrangement, the operation may lack direction. At the same time, if one dominates, it must still consider the other company interests. Cultural Differences Companies differ by nationality in how they evaluate the success of their operations. Japanese companies tend to evaluate primarily on how an operation help build its strategic position, particularly by improving its skills. European companies rely more on a balance between profitability and achieving social objectives. This difference can mean that one partner is satisfied while the other is not. In spite of these potential problems, joint ventures from culturally distant countries survive at least as well as those between partners from similar cultures. However as is the marriage, a positive prior relationship between two companies does not guarantee that partners will be well matched in a strategic alliance. Compatibility of corporate cultures also is important in cementing relationship. Conclusion Due to the global economic recession and enormous industry competition, GM lost their industrial leadership to TOYOTA. The secret of its success was their well defined production processes and their high quality customer focused production. By analyzing the GMs presents strengths and opportunities, still GM has the potentiality and own competitive advantage to take over the industry leadership through a strategic approach. I have thoroughly evaluated the situation, especially the best practices and strategic movements of TOYOTA as well as the blunders made by GM during the past few years separately. Then under the How GM becomes the Leader Again topic, clearly I have described all the possible improvements and rearrangements, which need to be applied with a systematic restructuring process to GM. Importantly, this restructuring process requires considerable sacrifices from all stakeholders, dealers, suppliers, employees and executives. During these financial crisis and economic uncertainty challenges, with a proper analysis and understanding GM would be able to open significant number of opportunities with the new strategic restructuring process and innovative products developments in the near future. Then in the final part of the report, I have explained and justified possible strategic market entry approaches that GM can follow to regain the industry leadership again.

Life In The Hood :: essays research papers

He lay in his bed motionless, reflecting upon his life and how it had changed so quickly. He had lost his mother to an evil cocaine addiction a year earlier and was left to take care of his younger brother. The rent was 3 months over due, the phone was cut off, and the electricity was most likely next. He had reached the point were he was fed up with life. Why had he been put in this position? He put most of the blame on his mother for she had been the one who had spent all of their money on drugs. But still he didn’t understand why he had to be responsible for his mother’s actions. What really enraged Maurice, was how selfish his mother was. She would rather get a quick high than ensure that her family was taken care of. But these thoughts occurred in his mind night after night. And each night he would come to the realization that he cannot escape from the grips of poverty. The only possible option for him was to work hard for the pennies that he was being paid. The alarm clock was blasting. Maurice woke up and looked at the time. It was 9:32am and he was a half hour late for work. In a panic he put on his shoes and ran out the door. He knew once he got to work Tony, the restaurant manager, was going to chew him out. He had been late earlier that week and Tony told him that if he was late one more time he was going to give Maurice the axe. So he began thinking of a good excuse to tell the boss why he was late. But his attention soon shifted when a 1999 Mercedes Benz SLK 400 sitting on twenty-inch chrome rims pulled over about 50 yards in front of him. His sprint slowed to a walk the instant he laid eyes upon the jet-black beauty. He kept walking towards the car trying to see who the owner was. To his amazement a young man, around his age, stepped out of the car. He knew at that point this guy didn’t earn his money the true American way; hard work and discipline. He had to have been a â€Å"Mob Pawn†. They were called this because the mob used them to do most of the work and were sacrificed in many situations just so they could win the â€Å"chess match†.